The peculiar circumstances of life aboard the International Space Station both advanced and retarded astronaut Scott Kelly’s age relative to that of his identical twin brother Mark, who remained on the ground.
Radiation, weightlessness, and changes in diet shortened Scott’s telomeres more quickly than his brother’s, effectively causing him to age more quickly.
At the same time, due to relativistic effects, Scott aged about 8.6 milliseconds less than Mark during his year in space.
The Tyrians having been much weakened by long wars with the Persians, their slaves rose in a body, slew their masters and their children, took possession of their property, and married their wives. The slaves, having thus obtained everything, consulted about the choice of a king, and agreed that he who should first discern the sun rise should be king. One of them, being more merciful than the rest, had in the general massacre spared his master, Straton, and his son, whom he hid in a cave; and to his old master he now resorted for advice as to this competition.
Straton advised his slave that when others looked to the east he should look toward the west. Accordingly, when the rebel tribe had all assembled in the fields, and every man’s eyes were fixed upon the east, Straton’s slave, turning his back upon the rest, looked only westward. He was scoffed at by every one for his absurdity, but immediately he espied the sunbeams upon the high towers and chimneys in the city, and, announcing the discovery, claimed the crown as his reward.
— Charles Carroll Bombaugh, Gleanings From the Harvest-Fields of Literature, 1869
John Owen, one of the last veterans of the French and Indian War, lived to be 107 and posed for this photograph shortly before his death in 1843.
That makes him one of the earliest-born humans ever to be photographed. He was born in 1735.
What’s the sum of all the digits used in writing out all the numbers from one to a billion?
“I always feel an optimist when I emerge from a tunnel.” — Robert Lynd
The numbers 1-7 are disposed among the regions in this figure such that each of the circular sets yields the same sum. This makes it a “magic Venn diagram,” a concept that occurred to mathematician David Robinson while teaching a course in mathematical logic at the University of West Georgia. His article appears in the December 2025 issue of Recreational Mathematics Magazine.
(David Robinson and Anja Remshagen, “Magic Venn Diagrams,” Recreational Mathematics Magazine 12:21 [December 2025], 25-44.)
I do not object to being bored if I am paid for it, but I never am paid for it. So many people have run up such long scores with me in this respect, and never paid me, that I will give no more credit. I must have cash down before I will be bored at all, but my figure is very low; so long as I get paid at all I will give people as much fun for their money, by way of letting them bore me, as anyone is likely to do.
— Samuel Butler, Notebooks, 1912
A conversation in Spoonerian, a language conducted entirely in spoonerisms, proposed by J.A. Lindon:
A: Hot woe, Barley Chinks!
B: Hot woe, Chilly Base!
A: Blocking showy, Miss Thorning.
B: Glowing a bale.
A: It slacked one of my crates.
B: I’ve a late slacking. The drain rips in.
A: Porter on the willows? Tut-tut!
B: Mad for the bite. Cuddles on the pot.
A: A very washy splinter.
B: All blood and mowing.
A: Here’s to spray in the Ming!
B: Sadsome glummer! ‘Ware fell!
A: Low song!
‘John Carter,’ the young English convict whose poems brought him pardon, left a farewell message to his friends within the walls of his Minnesota prison. This ‘last will and testament,’ first printed in the weekly Prison Mirror, published in the penitentiary, was reproduced in The St. Paul Dispatch:
‘This is the last will and testament of me, Anglicus. I hereby give and bequeath my collection of books (amounting to some 6,000 volumes) to Mr. Van D., in memory of the not altogether unpleasant hours we spent together, hours marked by no shadow of animosity at any time. We could not be happy, but we were as happy as we could be. To Dr. Van D. I leave my mantle of originality, and what remains of the veuve cliquot, in memory of encouragement when I most needed it.
‘To the editor I leave my space on this journal and the best of good wishes in memory of his unfailing courtesy and forbearance.
‘To Uncle John and to Sinbad go my heartiest wishes that we may meet soon in some brighter clime.
‘To Mr. Helgrams, my best dhudeen and the light of hope.
‘To young Steady and to Mr. D. M., my poetic laurels, which they are to share in equal measure.
‘To the boys in the printing office, the consolation of not being obliged to set up my excruciating copy.
‘To the tailors (and to the boss tailor in particular, ‘Little Italy,’) my very best pair of pants.
‘To Jim of the laundry, — but nothing seems good enough for Jim, the best soul that ever walked.
‘To Porfiro Alexio Gonzolio, a grip of the hand.
‘To Davie, pie, pie again, and yet more pie.
‘To the band boys — why, here’s to ’em! May they blow loose.
‘To my fellow pedagogues, “More light,” as Goethe put it, more fellowship; it would be impossible to wise them. They know where I stand and I know where they stand.
‘Lawdy! lawdy! If I hadn’t forgotten Otto and his assistant. Here’s all kinds of luck to ’em, and no mistake about it.
‘Finally to all those not included hereinbefore (for various reasons), here’s to our next merry meeting. To those in authority, thanks for a square deal. To mine enemy — but I mustn’t bul-con him.
‘Gentlemen, I go, but I leave, I hope I leave my reputation behind me.
‘Anglicus.’
— New York Times, July 9, 1910
We tend to think that mirrors reverse left to right, but in fact they reverse “back to front,” along an axis perpendicular to the mirror’s surface. Our confusion arises when we misinterpret this.
“[I]magine a back-front reversal of yourself, with your nose, face, eyes, and so forth pushed through to the back of the head, and your back somehow oozed through to the front,” writes University of Auckland psychologist Michael C. Corballis. “You might then ‘feel’ your watch as having remained on the left wrist (say), while back and front have reversed. However it is likely that you will also experience a strong compulsion to recalibrate your internal axes, and then feel the watch to be on the right wrist. In short, a back-front reversal is reinterpreted as a left-right reversal.”
(Michael C. Corballis, “Much Ado About Mirrors,” Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 7:1 [2000], 163-169. More mirror puzzles.)